Kyrgyzstan

Geography. The Kyrgyz Republic is located in the North-Eastern part of Central Asia. It shares borders with Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and China. Area - 198,500 sq. km. Almost 90% of the territory is located on 1,500 meters above sea level.

Capital - Bishkek, founded in 1887, about 850 thousand people. Big cities: Osh, Jalal-Abad, Naryn, Karakol. In administrative and territorial relation is divided into seven regions (Batken, Jalal-Abad, Issyk-Kul, Naryn, Osh, Talas, Chuy).

Population - about 5.3 million people (2009 census). Kyrgyzstan - a multinational state. 70.9% of the population - Kyrgyz, 14% - Uzbeks, 7% - Russian.
The rural population makes up 65%.

Official language is Kyrgyz. In May 2000, was passed a law, giving the Russian language an official status, and in December 2001 - the law, which reflected this status in the Constitution. In the Constitution of 2010, this position was held.

Polity. Kyrgyzstan is a sovereign, unitary, democratic, secular, legal social state. The head of state is the President. Since July 2010 R.I. Otunbayeva is the President of the Kyrgyz Republic of the transition period (until 2011). The next presidential elections are scheduled for October 30, 2011. After the October 10, 2010 parliamentary elections, on 20 December, 2010 in the Republic was formed a government led by A. Atambayev. In the structure of the Kyrgyz government are 18 ministries, two state committees and two public services.

Main public holiday: 31 August - Day of State Independence, 5 May - Constitution Day, May 9 - Victory Day, March 24 - Day of the National Revolution. Holiday and public holiday: January 1, January 7, March 8, March 21, May 1, November 7, and the days of the major Muslim holiday.

Parliament of Kyrgyzstan. The highest representative body of the country, which carries out legislative power and control functions, is the unicameral parliament, consisting of 120 members, elected on a proportional basis. In the current parliament are five parties - the "Ata-Jurt", the Social Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan, "Ar-Namys", "Republic" and "Ata-Meken". Chairman (speaker of parliament) - A. Keldibekov (party "Ata-Jurt").
The Constitution (Organic Law). May 5, 1993 the Supreme Soviet of the Republic of Kyrgyzstan adopted a new Constitution, the Republic of Kyrgyzstan was renamed to the Kyrgyz Republic. In 1996, 1998, 2001, 2003, 2006 to the Organic Law were made changes and additions (in 1996 and 1998 – by the results of referendums). According to the results of the referendum, held on June 27, 2010, was adopted the current version of the Constitution.

Economy. Kyrgyzstan is the agro-industrial country. Agriculture employs more than half of the able-bodied citizens of Kyrgyzstan.

Basic industries (hydropower, mining of gold and rare metals, machinery, light and food industries) are in a hot seat.
In 2010, the gross domestic product made up 4.5 billion dollars.
In 2010, the volume of foreign trade turnover (imports from 112 countries, export to 70 countries), including non-organized trade made up 4.9 billion dollars.
Export - 1.9 billion dollars, import - 3 billion dollars.
The foreign policy of Kyrgyzstan. The main guidelines laid down in the "Foreign Policy Concept of the Kyrgyz Republic" (approved in January 2007) are multi-vector, which is targeted on the development of political, trade and economic relations with key international partners, and pragmatic of foreign-policy course.
International contacts. Diplomatic relations were established with 114 countries, there are 30 diplomatic missions abroad Kyrgyzstan (26 embassies and 4 consulates). In Bishkek accredited 19 diplomatic missions and 31 international organizations. Diplomatic relations between the Russian Federation and the Kyrgyz Republic were established on March 20, 1992. The legal base consists of more than 120 treaties, agreements and other bilateral documents. On June 10, 1992 was signed the Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance between the Russian Federation and the Kyrgyz Republic. On July 27, 2000 was signed the Declaration of Eternal Friendship, Alliance and Partnership between Russia and Kyrgyzstan.
Kyrgyzstan is a member of 92 international organizations, including UNO, OSCE, ECO, OIC, WTO, CIS, SCO, CSTO, EurAsEC, IMF, World Bank, EBRD, IDB, ADB.
The national currency is som, introduced in 1993.