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The Republic of Tajikistan

Tajikistan is a state in the south-east of Central Asia. It shares borders with Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, China and Afghanistan.

Territory - 143.1 thousand square kilometers, more than half of it is located at an altitude of more than 3 thousand meters above sea level.

Population - 7.565 million people. According to the census carried out in September 2010, the country is a home for more than 120 nations, including Tajiks - 80%, Uzbeks - 15.3%, Russians – 1.1%.

Official language is Tajik. According to the Constitution of Tajikistan, Russian language is recognized as the language of international communication.

Currency is Somoni (100 diram). Exchange rate: 1 USA dollar is equal to 4.76 somoni, 1 Euro is equal to 6.57 somoni, 1 ruble - 0.15 somoni (September 2011).

Administratively, Tajikistan is divided into Sughd, Khatlon and Gorno-Badakhshan autonomous regions and regions of republican submission (13 in total). Capital - Dushanbe - forms a separate administrative unit. Major cities are: Khujand, Kurgan-Tube, Tursunzade, Kulob, Khorog.

The national holiday – the Independence Day, which is celebrated on September 9 (1991).

The system of government is established by the Constitution of Tajikistan, adopted on 6 November 1994. Tajikistan is a presidential republic. Since 1994, the President is Emomalii Rahmon, who was re-elected to the post in 1999 and 2006. Before the election as President in 1994, he was a member of Communist Party and, therefore, paid the membership fee. In connection with his election as president, by the agreement with the party leadership, his party membership was suspended. Legislative power is exercised by Parliament - the Majlisi Oli.

The national flag of the Republic of Tajikistan is a symbol of the sovereignty of the Republic of Tajikistan. Red color symbolizes happiness and joy, white - purity and clarity, green - youth and prosperity. Crown with a semicircle of seven stars represents the sovereignty and independence of the Republic of Tajikistan. Seven stars represent seven outstanding original Persian-Tajik poets (by the version of authors of the flag), then seven good spaces of Aryan scope (the first version of the interpreter associated with the Tajik culture-elites). Currently, seven stars represent seven historical and cultural areas of modern Tajikistan

State coat of arms of the Republic of Tajikistan is a stylized image of a crown and a semi-circle of seven stars on it in the sun rising over the mountains, covered with snow and framed by a wreath, composed of wheat ears on the right, on the left - of branches of cotton opened bolls. On the top wreath interweaved with a three-way ribbon, in the lower sector is placed the book on a stand

The highest legislative body is the bicameral parliament Assembly (chairman of the upper chamber - M.U. Ubaydulloev, chairman of the lower chamber - Sh.Z. Zuhurov).

Tajikistan - the agro-industrial country. The country has reserves of base metals, uranium, coal, oil, gas, significant amount of water resources. The leading industries are: ferrous metallurgy, light industry, food, flour, cereal and fodder, fuel and energy, engineering and metalworking, manufactured building products, chemical and petrochemical industries.

Tajikistan - one of the leading cotton-growing regions of the CIS. There is developed the sericulture, horticulture, horticulture and viticulture.

Major trading partners are Russia, China, the Netherlands, Turkey, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Iran and Italy.

Tajikistan established diplomatic relations with 118 countries (diplomatic relations with Russia were established on April 8, 1992). In Dushanbe there are embassies of 19 countries (Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Great Britain, Iran, China, South Korea, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Russia, the USA, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, France, Germany, Japan, Saudi Arabia, India), more than 20 representatives of international and financial institutions, including the OSCE Office in Dushanbe, office of UNO development. Currently, Tajikistan has more than 20 embassies, permanent missions and consulates abroad (Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Iran, China, Kazakhstan, Pakistan, Russia, USA, Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan, Turkey, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Germany, Belgium, India, Japan, Egypt, Saudi Arabia).

Russian-Tajik relations are characterized by progressive development of multifaceted cooperation. Giving in bilateral relations priority to relations with Russia and other CIS countries, Tajikistan is also developing the cooperation with China, the USA, the EU countries and the Islamic world.