Republic of Armenia

The Republic of Armenia
The Republic of Armenia is located in the southern Caucasus. It shares borders with Georgia in the north, with Azerbaijan in east and south-east, with Iran in south-east and with Turkey in west and south. It has no access to the sea. Area - 29.8 thousand square kilometers.

Capital - Yerevan (1 million inhabitants). Major cities are Gyumri (formerly Leninakan), Vanadzor (formerly Kirovakan), Vagharshapat (formerly Etchmiadzin), Kapan and Razdan.
In November 1995, Armenia was administratively divided into 10 regions, administered by Governors.

Yerevan, which also had the status of the region, in accordance with the law about the reform of the management of the capital, which came into force in January 2009, has become a municipality. Its division into 12 districts was retained, but instead of the old system of governance by elected prefects with broad powers, are introduced elections on a party basis of the council of elders, who in turn elect the mayor. He will carry out the central management of the city, including the appointment of prefects. The first election was held on May 31, 2009.

Armenia's population is more than 3.2 million people, of which 97% are Armenians. It is estimated, that there live about 7-8 thousand Russian people. It is also a home to Yezidis (40 thousand), Kurds, Assyrians (three thousand people), Greeks and Jews. The vast majority of Armenians are Christians, who practice the religion of the Armenian Apostolic Church. Traditional religions are also Armenian Catholic and Protestant churches.

State language – Armenian, belongs to the Indo-European language group.

State-political structure
On September 21, 1991 by the results of the referendum on the independence of the Supreme Soviet of the Republic was adopted the Declaration of Independence of Armenia. According to the constitution, which was approved on referendum on 5 July, 1995, the Republic of Armenia is a sovereign, democratic, social and legal state.

The head of state is the President, who is elected for a five-year term. On April 9, 2008 the execution of power of the head of Armenia started the former Prime Minister, leader of the Republican Party of Armenia (RPA) S.A. Sargsyan, the winner of the presidential elections of 19 February 2008. He replaced R.S. Kocharian on the highest public office.

The highest legislative body is the National Assembly.
The chief executive is the Prime Minister. On April 9, 2008, Tigran Sargsyan was appointed as the Prime Minister of the Republic, and he did not represent any party.

National holiday is the Independence Day (September 21).

Currency – Dram (AMD), introduced in 1993.

Throughout the whole period of independence is taken a liberal economic policy, which is directed to the successive formation of the national economy as a part of the global market. Despite the provision in the last years of high economic growth rates of the country - an average of about 12% of GDP growth during the year, mainly due to the increase in construction, work the retail trade and services and some improvement in living standards, social and economic situation in Armenia continues to remain a challenge.
Leading foreign-trade partners are: Russia, Germany, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Belgium, China, USA, Iran and Turkey. The main export products are: base metals, precious metals and their products, processed precious and semi-precious stones and food. Import is dominated by energy, machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, raw precious and semi-precious stones.
Foreign policy
In the capacity of the main objectives of the foreign policy of Armenia, which is based on the principle of complementarity, it is declared to ensure favorable conditions for its integration into the international community. Priorities such as continued high level of the Armenian-Russian relations are announced and this is the main key to ensure the independence and security of the Republic, and the deepening of cooperation with European countries and USA. The primary task of the Armenian diplomacy is the settlement of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict on the basis of the right of nations to self-determination.
Armenia - a member of UNO, Council of Europe, OSCE, WTO, BSEC and other international universal and regional organizations. The Individual Partnership Action Plan with the EU as part of its European Neighborhood Policy, as well as NATO, is implemented.
Armenia supports the traditional good relations with Iran and the Arab world (Syria, Lebanon and Egypt). The contacts with the countries of Eastern Europe, the leading countries of Asia (China, India, Japan), and Latin America are activated. Recently, remarkable progress in the normalization of relations with Turkey is reached. Much attention is paid on strengthening ties with the Armenian diaspora abroad, including the increase of the attraction of its capacity in the national development objectives. Diplomatic relations with Russia established on April 3, 1992.

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